8-2-27 conjugate
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Here are two problems that are very similar.
We're going to go zero to π thirds of sine squared X / sqrt
1 plus cosine XDX.
If we multiply by the conjugate of the denominator sqrt 1 minus
cosine X on top and bottom, we can see that the denominator is
going to turn into sqrt 1 minus cosine squared X, which is going
to be the square root of sine squared X, which is really just
sine X.
So one of the sine XS in the denominator is going to cancel
with one of the sine XS in the numerator, leaving us just zero
to π thirds of sine X square root 1 minus cosine X DX.
If we let U equal 1 minus cosine X, we can then see DU as sine X
DX.
Changing our bounds.
We know that one minus cosine of 0 is going to be 01, minus
cosine of π thirds is going to be 1/2.
So we get square root of UDU.
When we integrate that, we get 2/3 U to the three halves from
from zero to 1/2.
So now we're going to put in the upper bound minus the lower
bound 1/2 to the three halves is just 1/2, sqrt 1/2.
And then when we have 1/2 sqrt 1/2, we're going to rationalize
that to get the root 2 / 2.
And so it's going to end up being root 2 / 6, another one
that's very similar zero to π halves sine squared XDX over
sqrt 1 minus cosine X, multiplying by its conjugate,
which is one plus cosine X underneath the square root.
The denominator once again turns into plain old sine X with
enough substitution, and one of those will cancel with the
numerator, leaving a sine X sqrt 1 plus cosine XDX.
So if we let U equal 1 plus cosine X, then DU is negative
sine XDX.
Changing our bounds, we get 2 to one.
So when we substitute we get negative bottom bound of two up
to one square root of UDU.
When we take the integration, we get -2 thirds U to the three
halves from 2:00 to 1:00.
Plugging that in and multiplying it through, we get 4 root 2 -, 2
/ 3.